DESTINATION MOON: A History of the Lunar Orbiter Program
 
 
Chapter 8 notes
 
 
 
1. Memorandum from Dr. George E. Mueller, Associate Administrator, Office of Manned Space Flight, NASA Headquarters, November 3, 1964.
 
2. Memorandum from T. H. Thompson, Bellcomm, Inc., to Dr. G. E. Mueller/Gen. S. C. Phillips, December 23, 1964.
 
3. Ibid.
 
4. Ibid., Attachment AóReview of Current Status of Work Related to Lunar Site Analysis and Selection.
 
5. Memorandum from SL/Director, Lunar and Planetary Pro grams, to MA/Maj. Gen. Phillips, Office of Manned Space Flight, September 22, 1964.
 
6. Memorandum from MA/Apollo Program Director to SL/Lunar and Planetary Programs Director, February 18, 1965.
 
7. "Lunar Orbiter Mission Planning, "Bellcomm, Inc., January 25, 1965, p. ii.
 
8. Apollo Lunar Site Analysis and Selection, "Bellcomm, Inc., March 30, 1965.
 
9. Memorandum from B. T. Howard, Bellcomm, to Maj. Gen. S. C. Phillips, NASA/MA, May 10, 1965.
 
10. Memorandum from A. T. Young to N. L. Crabill, Langley Research Center, May 7, 1965, Subject: Mission Reliability Analyses and Comparison for the Bellcomm Mission and TBC's S-110 Mission.
 
11. Memorandum from Norman L. Crabill, Mission Analysis and Design Engineer, Viking Project Office, Langley Research Center, to NASA Code EH, Attention: Dr. Eugene M. Emme, December 9, 1969.
 
12. Memorandum from A.T. Young to N.L. Crabill, Langley Research Center, June 14, 65, Subject: Lunar Orbiter Mission Planning Study, pp. 1, 6.
 
13. Minutes: Lunar Orbiter Target Objectives Meeting at Langley Research Center, June 25, 1965, recorded by A. Thomas Young, pp. 2-3.
 
14. Ibid., pp. 4-6.
 
15. Memorandum for File., from Dennis B. James, Bellcomm, Inc., June 30, 1965, Subject: Trip Report: Lunar Orbiter Mission Planning Meeting at Langley Research Center, June 25, 1965.
 
16. OSSA Review -- July 2, 1965, p. 3.
 
17. Attendees were: D. D. Viele, Boeing; Douglas D. Lloyd, Bellcomm. Leon J. Kosofsky, NASA Lunar Orbiter Program Office; Clifford H. Nelson, Norman L. Crabill, Gerald W. Brewer, and A. Thomas Young, Lunar Orbiter Project Office, Langley.
 
18. N. L. Crabill and A. T. Young, "Preliminary Lunar Orbiter Mission Types," Lunar Project Office, July 16, 1965, p. 1.
 
19. OSSA Review -- July 30, 19651 pp. 2 3. See also Crabill and Young, "Preliminary Lunar Orbiter Mission Types."
 
20. SSA/MSF Site Survey Meeting, Minutes, August 4, 1965, document dated August 12, 1965, Bellcom File, pp. 3 4.
 
21. Ibid., pp. 5-6.
 
22. Ibid., p. 8.
 
23. Members of the Surveyor/Orbiter Utilization Committee were: Edgar M. Cortright (Chairman),OSSA; Samuel C. Phillips (Apollo Program Office), OMSF; Edward E. Christensen (Manned Operations),OMSF; William A. Lee (ASPO), OMSF; William E. Stoney (Data Analysis).,MSC; Oran W. Nicks (Lunar and Planetary Programs) OSSA; Urner Liddel (Lunar and Planetary Science), OSSA; Lee R. Scherer (Lunar Orbiter Program), OSSA; Benjamin Milwitzky (Surveyor Program),OSSA; Victor Clarke (Surveyor Project), JPL; Israel Taback (Lunar Orbiter Project) Langley.
 
24. Ad Hoc Surveyor/Orbiter Utilization Committee Minutes First Meeting, Washington, D.C., August 20, 1965, pp. 2-3.
 
25. Ibid., pp. 4-5.
 
26. Recorded Interview with Israel Taback, former Lunar Orbiter Spacecraft Manager, Langley Research Center July 7, 1970.
 
27. Ad Hoc Surveyor/Orbiter Utilization Committee Minutes.. August 20, 1965, p.1.
 
28. Lunar Orbiter Mission Planning Meeting, Langley Research Center, Bldg. 1251, Rm. 105, September 8 9, 1965, Minutes recorded by A. T. Young.
 
29. Ibid., p. l.
 
30. Ibid., p.3.
 
31.Ibid., pp. 3-4.
 
32. Ibid., pp.4-7.
 
33. Ibid.
 
34. Lunar Orbiter Project Office Recommendation for Lunar Orbiter Mission A. presented to the Ad Hoc Surveyor/ Orbiter Utilization Committee, September 29, 1965.
 
35. OSSA Review--October 5, 1965. p. l.
 
36. Summary Minutes: Planetology Subcommittee of the Space Science Steering Committee, October 21-22, 1965, p. 8.
 
37. Ibid., pp.8-9.
 
38. Memorandum from SL/Chairman, Planetology Subcommittee (Dr. Urner Liddel), to SL/Director, Lunar and Planetary Programs., Subject: Resolution on Lunar Orbiter Scientific Missions, November 5, 1965.
 
39. Planetology Subcommittee of the Space Science Steering Committee, Meeting No. 4-66, May 9-11, 1966, p.16.
 
40. OSSA Review-May 6, 1965, p. 1.
 
41. Project Lunar Orbiter, Narrative Analysis, Langley Research Center, February 8, 1965.
 
42. Ibid., March 17, 1965.
 
43. Ibid., March 31, 1965.
 
44. Ibid., April 28, 1965.
 
45. OSSA Review--May 6, 1965, p. 2.
 
46. OSSA Review--June 7, 1965, p. 1.
 
47. Ibid., pp.1-2.
 
48. Project Lunar Orbiter, Narrative Analysis, Langley Research Center, May 12, 1965.
 
49. Ibid., June 23, 1965.
 
50. OSSA Review--June 7, 1965. pp. 1-2.
 
51. OSSA Review--July 2, 1965 and July 30, 1965.
 
52. Project Lunar Orbiter Narrative Analysis, Langley Research Center, August 18, 1965.
 
53. OSSA Review--September 9, 1965, pp. 1-2, and November 2, 1965, p. 2.
 
54. Costello interview, July 9, 1970.
 
55. Boeing Quarterly Technical Progress Report, July to Septembers 1965., Section II, p. 17.
 
56. OSSA Review--November 2, 1965, p. 2.
 
57. Martin interview, July 7, 1970.
 
58. OSSA Review-- November 2, 1965, and Project Lunar Orbiter, Narrative Analysis, November 12, 1965.
 
59. Ibid.
 
60. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Negotiated Contract No. NAS 1-3800, May 7, 1964, Part II, Fee Incentives, p. 1.
 
61. Ibid., p. 2.
 
62. Ibid.
 
63. Ibid., p.3.
 
64. Memorandum from Manager, Lunar Orbiter Program, to Langley Research Centers Attention Mr. C. H. Nelson and Mr. S. L. Butler, October 28, 1965.
 
65. Ibid., p. 1.
 
66. Boeing Quarterly Technical Progress Report, April to June 1965, Section IV, p. 64.
 
67. Ibid., pp. 65-66.
 
68. Memorandum from Lunar Orbiter Program Engineer Leon Kosofsky, to Lunar Orbiter Operations Working Group (SLI), Subject: Potential Conflict in Goldstone Support of Lunar Orbiter Performance Demonstration Test and Pioneer Mission A, November 22, 1965.
 
69. Ibid.
 
70. Letter, Rechtin to Emme, November 18, 1969.
 
71. Memorandum from SL/Manager, Lunar Orbiter Program, to SL/Director, Lunar and Planetary Programs, March 7, 1966.
 
72. Memorandum from S/Associate Administrator for Space Science and Applications to AD/Deputy Administrator, March 9, 1966., with telegram attached.
 
73. Memorandum from SL/L. R. Scherer, to SL/O. W. Nicks concerning update of Orbiter status, April 7, 1966.
 
74. Ibid.
 
75. Memorandum from MA 6/L. Reiffel to SL/O. W. Nicks, Subject: Project Apollo Requirements for Lunar Orbiter Data, April 4, 1966. See also Bellconon Technical Memorandum 65-1012-6, "Tape Recording of Lunar Orbiter Pictures," by C. J. Byrne, July 6, 1965. Recording on film of raw data transmitted by Lunar Orbiter presented certain limitations. First, film had a very limited dynamic range and did not lend itself easily to enhancement. Second, it was much more difficult to computerize data from a film source than from magnetic tapes. Data recorded on tapes were the direct input signals from the spacecraft. This method of recording also eliminated any film processing errors and provided a greater dynamic range for analytical purposes. Once the tape-recorded data were computerized they could be enhanced by eliminating known and suspected interferences before reconstructing the pictures of the lunar surface with such detail that slopes could be accurately determined with the constraints of Apollo requirements. Film-recorded data did not afford this flexibility.
 
76. Ibid.
 
77. Memorandum from SL/Director, Lunar and Planetary Programs, to MA 6/L. Reiffel, Apollo Program Office April 26, 1966.
 
78. Ibid.
 
79. Memorandum, Scherer to Nicks, April 7, 1966.
 
80. Ibid.
 
81. Project Lunar Orbiter, Narrative Analysis, Langley Research Center, April 22, 1966.
 
82. Taback interview, July 7, 1970.